Determination of Prosocial Behavior of Preschool-Aged Children in the Context of Preschool Education
Author: Vladimír Fedorko
Publisher: Palacký University Olomouc
ISBN: 9788024459974
Category: Social Science
Page: 125
View: 337
What is the prosocial behavior of a child in preschool age, and how to measure it adequately, are the questions the author tries to answer in this monograph. Therefore, the creation and verification of a Questionnaire for surveying prosocial behavior of preschool-aged children in Slovakia was prioritized. The presented monograph analyses and summarizes theoretical starting points on the issues of prosociality and prosocial behavior and introduces a new research instrument to measure the prosocial behavior of preschool-aged childern. Finally, the interpretation of empirical findings from our research in present.
Author: Michael J. Furlong
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 9781135591809
Category: Education
Page: 521
View: 588
National surveys consistently reveal that an inordinate number of students report high levels of boredom, anger, and stress in school, which often leads to their disengagement from critical learning and social development. If the ultimate goal of schools is to educate young people to become responsible and critically thinking citizens who can succeed in life, understanding factors that stimulate them to become active agents in their own leaning is critical. A new field labeled "positive psychology" is one lens that can be used to investigate factors that facilitate a student’s sense of agency and active school engagement. The purposes of this groundbreaking Handbook are to 1) describe ways that positive emotions, traits, and institutions promote school achievement and healthy social/emotional development 2) describe how specific positive-psychological constructs relate to students and schools and support the delivery of school-based services and 3) describe the application of positive psychology to educational policy making. By doing so, the book provides a long-needed centerpiece around which the field can continue to grow in an organized and interdisciplinary manner. Key features include: Comprehensive – this book is the first to provide a comprehensive review of what is known about positive psychological constructs and the school experiences of children and youth. Topical coverage ranges from conceptual foundations to assessment and intervention issues to service delivery models. Intrapersonal factors (e.g., hope, life satisfaction) and interpersonal factors (e.g., positive peer and family relationships) are examined as is classroom-and-school-level influences (e.g., student-teacher and school-community relations). Interdisciplinary Focus – this volume brings together the divergent perspectives, methods, and findings of a broad, interdisciplinary community of scholars whose work often fails to reach those working in contiguous fields. Chapter Structure – to insure continuity, flow, and readability chapters are organized as follows: overview, research summary, relationship to student development, examples of real-world applications, and a summarizing table showing implications for future research and practice. Methodologies – chapters feature longitudinal studies, person-centered approaches, experimental and quasi-experimental designs and mixed methods.
Author: Philip David Zelazo
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 9780199958474
Category: Medical
Page: 645
View: 961
This handbook provides a comprehensive survey of what is now known about psychological development, from birth to biological maturity, and it highlights how cultural, social, cognitive, neural, and molecular processes work together to yield human behavior and changes in human behavior.
Author: Chris Moore
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 9782889195169
Category: Child development
Page: 137
View: 551
Prosocial behaviors such as sharing, helping, and comforting begin to emerge early in development. The presence of these prosocial behaviors is important not only in childhood, but throughout one’s lifetime, as behaving prosocially is important for social functioning and maintaining social relationships. For many years researchers have been interested in how and when these behaviors develop, as well as how these behaviors are influenced by a variety of factors. Recently however, exciting new research has shown novel and surprising findings, particularly on the early development and ontogenetic origins of prosocial behavior. Research is this area is important, as by understanding what influences prosocial behavior, we may be better able to sustain and support the development of prosociality. Further, a richer understanding may help us to be better able to mediate factors that impede or negatively influence positive social behaviors, as well as negate triggers that may lead to negative social behaviors. Many theoretical views guide different streams of developmental research in this field. Here, we will bring together scholars from various theoretical backgrounds, to collectively explore the development of early prosocial behaviors from early infancy to early school aged children. Contributors will offer insights using a variety of methodologies, from various resource allocation paradigms derived from economist game theorists, to looking time paradigms and more. Together we seek to broadly explore questions pertaining to prosocial development, for example- at what age do prosocial behaviors, moral understanding, or social selectivity emerge? Contributors will individually address unique research questions across a spectrum of topics. For example, how prosocial behaviors are influenced by underlying mechanisms, such as moral emotions (e.g. guilt and sympathy), will be explored, as will how children’s expectations may shape their behaviors, and how they come to care about others. Questions surrounding different contexts will also be investigated. For example, how does empathy influence prosociality? Do children treat partners differently depending on their past behaviors, wealth, or other characteristics? Does whether there is a cost associated with behaving prosocially influence decision-making? By incorporating the work of numerous researchers in the field of prosocial development, who contribute comprehensive reviews of past research, unique theoretical perspectives and empirical approaches, the proposed research topic endeavors to provide new insights into a breadth of prosocial behaviors. In sum, the proposed research topic will contribute to our understanding of prosocial development in the early years by highlighting the relevant factors and contexts under which prosocial behavior emerges.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 9780123982858
Category: Psychology
Page: 398
View: 698
Volume 42 of the Advances in Child Development and Behavior series includes 9 chapters that highlight some of the most recent research in the area. A wide array of topics are discussed in detail, including Loneliness in Childhood, The Legacy of Early Interpersonal Experience, The Relation Between Space and Math, and Producing and Understanding Prosocial Acts in Early Childhood. Each chapter provides in-depth discussions and this volume serves as an invaluable resource for Developmental or educational psychology researchers, scholars, and students. 10 chapters that highlight some of the most recent research in the area A wide array of topics are discussed in detail
Author: Janette B. Benson
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 9780123943880
Category: Education
Page: 399
View: 158
Volume 42 of the Advances in Child Development and Behavior series includes 9 chapters that highlight some of the most recent research in the area. A wide array of topics are discussed in detail, including Loneliness in Childhood, The Legacy of Early Interpersonal Experience, The Relation Between Space and Math, and Producing and Understanding Prosocial Acts in Early Childhood. Each chapter provides in-depth discussions and this volume serves as an invaluable resource for Developmental or educational psychology researchers, scholars, and students. 10 chapters that highlight some of the most recent research in the area A wide array of topics are discussed in detail
Author: Melanie Killen
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 9781135619176
Category: Psychology
Page: 809
View: 277
The psychological study of moral development has expanded greatly, both in terms of the diversity of theoretical perspectives that are represented in the field, as well as in the range of topics that have been studied. This Handbook of Moral Development represents the diversity and multidisciplinary influences on current theorizing about the psychological study of moral development and the range and broad scope of topics being considered by scholars in the field.
Author: Heidi Lene Maibom
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 9780199969470
Category: Philosophy
Page: 315
View: 453
Empathy's centrality to morality is heavily debated. Many religious and philosophical traditions have favoured empathy, sympathy, or compassion as key to moral thought, conduct, or motivation. This collection brings together original papers in philosophy, psychology, psychiatry, anthropology, and neuroscience to give a comprehensive overview of the issue, and includes an extensive survey of empathy and empathy-related emotions. It is distinctive in focusing on the moral import of empathy and sympathy.
Author: William Damon
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780471756125
Category: Psychology
Page: 1154
View: 464
Part of the authoritative four-volume reference that spans the entire field of child development and has set the standard against which all other scholarly references are compared. Updated and revised to reflect the new developments in the field, the Handbook of Child Psychology, Sixth Edition contains new chapters on such topics as spirituality, social understanding, and non-verbal communication. Volume 3: Social, Emotional, and Personality Development, edited by Nancy Eisenberg, Arizona State University, covers mechanisms of socialization and personality development, including parent/child relationships, peer relationships, emotional development, gender role acquisition, pro-social and anti-social development, motivation, achievement, social cognition, and moral reasoning, plus a new chapter on adolescent development.
Author: David A. Schroeder
Publisher: Oxford Library of Psychology
ISBN: 9780195399813
Category: Psychology
Page: 817
View: 781
"The Oxford Handbook of Prosocial Behavior provides a comprehensive review of the current literature contributing to our understanding of when and why people act to benefit others. The field of prosocial behavior encompasses a broad spectrum of activities, ranging from dyadic helping in emergencies, planned helping, volunteerism, and cooperation within and between groups. Taking a multi-level approach, the chapters explore the basic underlying evolutionary, developmental, emotional, cognitive, personality, and social psychological processes that set the stage for and motivate prosocial actions. Consideration is also given to applications to such real-world situations as the encouragement of pro-environmental behavior, the recruitment of participants for medical clinical trials, and the reduction of ethnic conflict and promotion of world peace"--Publisher.
Author: Roger J.R. Levesque
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9781441916952
Category: Psychology
Page: 14095
View: 386
The Encyclopedia of Adolescence breaks new ground as an important central resource for the study of adolescence. Comprehensive in breath and textbook in depth, the Encyclopedia of Adolescence – with entries presented in easy-to-access A to Z format – serves as a reference repository of knowledge in the field as well as a frequently updated conduit of new knowledge long before such information trickles down from research to standard textbooks. By making full use of Springer’s print and online flexibility, the Encyclopedia is at the forefront of efforts to advance the field by pushing and creating new boundaries and areas of study that further our understanding of adolescents and their place in society. Substantively, the Encyclopedia draws from four major areas of research relating to adolescence. The first broad area includes research relating to "Self, Identity and Development in Adolescence". This area covers research relating to identity, from early adolescence through emerging adulthood; basic aspects of development (e.g., biological, cognitive, social); and foundational developmental theories. In addition, this area focuses on various types of identity: gender, sexual, civic, moral, political, racial, spiritual, religious, and so forth. The second broad area centers on "Adolescents’ Social and Personal Relationships". This area of research examines the nature and influence of a variety of important relationships, including family, peer, friends, sexual and romantic as well as significant nonparental adults. The third area examines "Adolescents in Social Institutions". This area of research centers on the influence and nature of important institutions that serve as the socializing contexts for adolescents. These major institutions include schools, religious groups, justice systems, medical fields, cultural contexts, media, legal systems, economic structures, and youth organizations. "Adolescent Mental Health" constitutes the last major area of research. This broad area of research focuses on the wide variety of human thoughts, actions, and behaviors relating to mental health, from psychopathology to thriving. Major topic examples include deviance, violence, crime, pathology (DSM), normalcy, risk, victimization, disabilities, flow, and positive youth development.